# BMesh의 점·변·면 선택 상태를 만들고 별도 표식으로 렌더에 드러낸다.
import bmesh
reset('WORKBENCH')
camera((4, -7, 4.6), target=(0, 0, 1.0), lens=55)
floor()
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add(size=1.8, location=(0, 0, 1.0))
cube = bpy.context.object
paint(cube, material('Mesh', CLAY))
wire = edges(cube, thickness=0.014, color=INK)
frame(cube, margin=1.3)
def _set_active(obj):
for selected in tuple(bpy.context.selected_objects):
selected.select_set(False)
obj.select_set(True)
bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj
def _select(domain):
_set_active(cube)
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')
bpy.ops.mesh.select_all(action='DESELECT')
settings = {'VERT': (True, False, False), 'EDGE': (False, True, False), 'FACE': (False, False, True)}
bpy.context.scene.tool_settings.mesh_select_mode = settings[domain]
bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(cube.data)
bm.select_mode = {domain}
elements = {'VERT': bm.verts, 'EDGE': bm.edges, 'FACE': bm.faces}[domain]
elements.ensure_lookup_table()
if domain == 'VERT':
element = max(elements, key=lambda vertex: vertex.co.x - vertex.co.y + vertex.co.z)
elif domain == 'EDGE':
element = max(elements, key=lambda edge: sum(v.co.x - v.co.y + 2 * v.co.z for v in edge.verts))
else:
element = max(elements, key=lambda face: face.normal.dot(Vector((4, -7, 4.6))))
element.select_set(True)
if domain == 'VERT':
marker_data = (Vector(element.co),)
elif domain == 'EDGE':
marker_data = tuple(Vector(v.co) for v in element.verts)
else:
marker_data = (Vector(element.calc_center_median()), Vector(element.normal))
bmesh.update_edit_mesh(cube.data)
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='OBJECT')
return marker_data
def _rod(start, end, radius, name, color):
direction = end - start
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add(vertices=16, radius=radius, depth=direction.length, location=(start + end) / 2)
obj = bpy.context.object
obj.name = name
obj.rotation_euler = direction.to_track_quat('Z', 'Y').to_euler()
paint(obj, material(name, color))
return obj
vertex = _select('VERT')[0]
vertex_marker = None
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add(segments=16, ring_count=8, radius=0.12, location=cube.matrix_world @ vertex)
vertex_marker = bpy.context.object
paint(vertex_marker, material('Selected vertex', CORAL))
shoot('vertex')
vertex_marker.hide_render = True
edge_ends = _select('EDGE')
edge_marker = _rod(cube.matrix_world @ edge_ends[0], cube.matrix_world @ edge_ends[1], 0.085, 'Selected edge', CORAL)
shoot('edge')
edge_marker.hide_render = True
face_center, face_normal = _select('FACE')
face_marker = None
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_plane_add(size=1.15, location=cube.matrix_world @ (face_center + face_normal * 0.035))
face_marker = bpy.context.object
face_marker.rotation_euler = face_normal.to_track_quat('Z', 'Y').to_euler()
paint(face_marker, material('Selected face', CORAL))
shoot('face')전체 스크립트 — Blender 5.1.1 에서 그대로 실행 복사 # select-modes — Blender 5.1.1 에서 그대로 돌아가는 스크립트
# 실행: blender -b --factory-startup --python select-modes.py -- <출력 폴더>
SLUG = 'select-modes'
# ── 무대: 모든 항목이 같이 쓰는 준비 코드 (renders/_stage.py) ──────────────────
# 빈 장면 → 렌더 엔진·크기 → 카메라·바닥·조명·재질 도우미 → shoot() 으로 WebP 저장.
import bpy, math, os, sys
from mathutils import Vector
# 출력 폴더: blender -b --factory-startup --python 이파일.py -- <출력 폴더>
OUT = sys.argv[sys.argv.index('--') + 1] if '--' in sys.argv[:-1] else os.getcwd()
os.makedirs(OUT, exist_ok=True)
# 색은 화면에서 고르는 sRGB 0~1 값으로 적는다. 블렌더 내부는 선형(linear)이라 srgb() 로 바꿔 넣는다.
BACKDROP = (0.24, 0.25, 0.27)
CLAY = (0.80, 0.77, 0.72)
LIME = (0.64, 0.90, 0.21)
SKY = (0.22, 0.65, 0.95)
CORAL = (0.96, 0.42, 0.45)
INK = (0.08, 0.09, 0.10)
ENGINES = {'WORKBENCH': 'BLENDER_WORKBENCH', 'EEVEE': 'BLENDER_EEVEE', 'CYCLES': 'CYCLES'}
def srgb(c, alpha=1.0):
lin = lambda v: v / 12.92 if v <= 0.04045 else ((v + 0.055) / 1.055) ** 2.4
return (lin(c[0]), lin(c[1]), lin(c[2]), alpha)
def reset(engine='WORKBENCH', samples=16, size=(960, 600)):
"""빈 장면에서 시작한다. engine: WORKBENCH(모양 확인) · EEVEE(실시간) · CYCLES(경로 추적)."""
bpy.ops.wm.read_factory_settings(use_empty=True)
sc = bpy.context.scene
sc.render.engine = ENGINES[engine]
sc.render.resolution_x, sc.render.resolution_y = size
sc.render.resolution_percentage = 100
sc.render.image_settings.file_format = 'WEBP'
sc.render.image_settings.quality = 82
sc.world = bpy.data.worlds.new('World')
world_color(BACKDROP)
if engine == 'WORKBENCH':
sh = sc.display.shading
sh.light, sh.color_type = 'STUDIO', 'MATERIAL'
sh.show_shadows, sh.shadow_intensity = True, 0.35
sh.show_cavity = True
sc.display.render_aa = '16'
sc.view_settings.view_transform = 'Standard' # 재질 색을 그대로 보여 준다
elif engine == 'EEVEE':
sc.eevee.taa_render_samples = samples
else:
sc.cycles.samples = samples
sc.cycles.use_denoising = True
return sc
def world_color(color, strength=1.0):
"""배경색. Workbench 는 world.color, EEVEE·Cycles 는 Background 노드를 쓴다."""
w = bpy.context.scene.world
w.color = srgb(color)[:3]
bg = w.node_tree.nodes.get('Background') if w.node_tree else None
if bg:
bg.inputs['Color'].default_value = srgb(color)
bg.inputs['Strength'].default_value = strength
return w
def hdri(name='studio', strength=1.0, show=False):
"""블렌더에 들어 있는 HDRI 로 장면을 비춘다(CC0 · Poly Haven). name: studio · city · courtyard · forest · interior · night · sunrise · sunset.
show=False 면 빛과 반사에만 쓰고, 카메라에는 BACKDROP 색 배경이 보인다(Light Path 의 Is Camera Ray 로 가른다)."""
nt = bpy.context.scene.world.node_tree
nodes, links = nt.nodes, nt.links
env = nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexEnvironment')
env.image = bpy.data.images.load(os.path.join(bpy.utils.system_resource('DATAFILES'), 'studiolights', 'world', f'{name}.exr'))
bg = nodes['Background']
bg.inputs['Strength'].default_value = strength
links.new(env.outputs['Color'], bg.inputs['Color'])
if not show:
flat = nodes.new('ShaderNodeBackground')
flat.inputs['Color'].default_value = srgb(BACKDROP)
ray, mix = nodes.new('ShaderNodeLightPath'), nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixShader')
links.new(ray.outputs['Is Camera Ray'], mix.inputs['Fac'])
links.new(bg.outputs['Background'], mix.inputs[1])
links.new(flat.outputs['Background'], mix.inputs[2])
links.new(mix.outputs['Shader'], nodes['World Output'].inputs['Surface'])
return env
def look_at(obj, target):
obj.rotation_euler = (Vector(target) - obj.location).to_track_quat('-Z', 'Y').to_euler()
def camera(location=(7, -7, 5), target=(0, 0, 0.5), lens=50):
cam = bpy.data.objects.new('Camera', bpy.data.cameras.new('Camera'))
bpy.context.scene.collection.objects.link(cam)
cam.location = location
look_at(cam, target)
cam.data.lens = lens
bpy.context.scene.camera = cam
return cam
def frame(*objs, margin=1.15):
"""카메라 방향은 그대로 두고, objs 가 화면에 다 들어오게 카메라를 앞뒤로 옮긴다."""
sc = bpy.context.scene
dg = bpy.context.evaluated_depsgraph_get()
pts = [o.matrix_world @ Vector(c) for o in objs for c in o.evaluated_get(dg).bound_box]
mid = sum(pts, Vector()) / len(pts)
coords = [c for p in pts for c in (mid + (p - mid) * margin)]
loc, _scale = sc.camera.camera_fit_coords(dg, coords)
sc.camera.location = loc
return sc.camera
def light(kind='AREA', location=(4, -4, 6), target=(0, 0, 0), energy=600, size=3.0, color=(1, 1, 1)):
"""kind: POINT · SUN · SPOT · AREA. energy 는 와트(SUN 은 W/m²에 해당하는 세기)."""
data = bpy.data.lights.new(kind.title(), kind)
data.energy, data.color = energy, color
if kind == 'AREA':
data.size = size
obj = bpy.data.objects.new(data.name, data)
bpy.context.scene.collection.objects.link(obj)
obj.location = location
look_at(obj, target)
return obj
def studio(key=700, fill=200, rim=450):
"""기본 3점 조명(키·필·림). EEVEE·Cycles 용 — Workbench 는 자체 스튜디오 조명을 쓴다."""
return [light('AREA', (5, -4, 6), energy=key, size=4),
light('AREA', (-6, -3, 3), energy=fill, size=5),
light('AREA', (0, 6, 5), energy=rim, size=3)]
def material(name, color=CLAY, roughness=0.5, metallic=0.0, **inputs):
"""원리 BSDF 재질. inputs 는 소켓 이름(공백은 _ 로): Emission_Strength=3."""
mat = bpy.data.materials.new(name)
mat.diffuse_color = srgb(color) # Workbench 가 보는 색
bsdf = mat.node_tree.nodes['Principled BSDF']
bsdf.inputs['Base Color'].default_value = srgb(color)
bsdf.inputs['Roughness'].default_value = roughness
bsdf.inputs['Metallic'].default_value = metallic
for key, value in inputs.items():
bsdf.inputs[key.replace('_', ' ')].default_value = value
return mat
def paint(obj, mat):
obj.data.materials.clear()
obj.data.materials.append(mat)
return obj
def floor(size=80.0, color=None, z=0.0, wall=30.0, curve=6.0):
"""바닥과 뒷벽(+Y 쪽)이 둥글게 이어진 스튜디오 배경 — 지평선이 보이지 않는다. 카메라는 -Y 쪽에서 +Y 를 보게 둔다."""
import bmesh
back = size / 2
steps = 12
profile = [(-back, 0.0)] # (y, z) 단면: 앞 → 둥근 모서리 → 벽 위
for i in range(steps + 1):
a = (math.pi / 2) * i / steps
profile.append((back - curve + curve * math.sin(a), curve - curve * math.cos(a)))
profile.append((back, wall))
bm = bmesh.new()
left = [bm.verts.new((-back, y, z + h)) for y, h in profile]
right = [bm.verts.new((back, y, z + h)) for y, h in profile]
for i in range(len(profile) - 1):
bm.faces.new((left[i], right[i], right[i + 1], left[i + 1]))
me = bpy.data.meshes.new('Floor')
bm.to_mesh(me)
bm.free()
obj = bpy.data.objects.new('Floor', me)
bpy.context.scene.collection.objects.link(obj)
for poly in me.polygons:
poly.use_smooth = True
return paint(obj, material('Floor', color or BACKDROP, roughness=0.9))
def edges(obj, thickness=0.012, color=INK):
"""메시의 선(엣지)을 렌더에 보이게 한다 — 모디파이어까지 적용된 모양에 와이어프레임을 씌운 복제본."""
dg = bpy.context.evaluated_depsgraph_get()
wire = bpy.data.objects.new(obj.name + '.edges', bpy.data.meshes.new_from_object(obj.evaluated_get(dg)))
bpy.context.scene.collection.objects.link(wire)
wire.matrix_world = obj.matrix_world.copy()
mod = wire.modifiers.new('Wireframe', 'WIREFRAME')
mod.thickness, mod.use_even_offset = thickness, True
return paint(wire, material(obj.name + '.edges', color, roughness=0.8))
def shoot(name):
"""지금 장면을 <출력 폴더>/<항목>-<name>.webp 로 렌더한다."""
sc = bpy.context.scene
sc.render.filepath = os.path.join(OUT, f'{SLUG}-{name}.webp')
bpy.ops.render.render(write_still=True)
return sc.render.filepath
# ── 이 항목 ──
# BMesh의 점·변·면 선택 상태를 만들고 별도 표식으로 렌더에 드러낸다.
import bmesh
reset('WORKBENCH')
camera((4, -7, 4.6), target=(0, 0, 1.0), lens=55)
floor()
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add(size=1.8, location=(0, 0, 1.0))
cube = bpy.context.object
paint(cube, material('Mesh', CLAY))
wire = edges(cube, thickness=0.014, color=INK)
frame(cube, margin=1.3)
def _set_active(obj):
for selected in tuple(bpy.context.selected_objects):
selected.select_set(False)
obj.select_set(True)
bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj
def _select(domain):
_set_active(cube)
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')
bpy.ops.mesh.select_all(action='DESELECT')
settings = {'VERT': (True, False, False), 'EDGE': (False, True, False), 'FACE': (False, False, True)}
bpy.context.scene.tool_settings.mesh_select_mode = settings[domain]
bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(cube.data)
bm.select_mode = {domain}
elements = {'VERT': bm.verts, 'EDGE': bm.edges, 'FACE': bm.faces}[domain]
elements.ensure_lookup_table()
if domain == 'VERT':
element = max(elements, key=lambda vertex: vertex.co.x - vertex.co.y + vertex.co.z)
elif domain == 'EDGE':
element = max(elements, key=lambda edge: sum(v.co.x - v.co.y + 2 * v.co.z for v in edge.verts))
else:
element = max(elements, key=lambda face: face.normal.dot(Vector((4, -7, 4.6))))
element.select_set(True)
if domain == 'VERT':
marker_data = (Vector(element.co),)
elif domain == 'EDGE':
marker_data = tuple(Vector(v.co) for v in element.verts)
else:
marker_data = (Vector(element.calc_center_median()), Vector(element.normal))
bmesh.update_edit_mesh(cube.data)
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='OBJECT')
return marker_data
def _rod(start, end, radius, name, color):
direction = end - start
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add(vertices=16, radius=radius, depth=direction.length, location=(start + end) / 2)
obj = bpy.context.object
obj.name = name
obj.rotation_euler = direction.to_track_quat('Z', 'Y').to_euler()
paint(obj, material(name, color))
return obj
vertex = _select('VERT')[0]
vertex_marker = None
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add(segments=16, ring_count=8, radius=0.12, location=cube.matrix_world @ vertex)
vertex_marker = bpy.context.object
paint(vertex_marker, material('Selected vertex', CORAL))
shoot('vertex')
vertex_marker.hide_render = True
edge_ends = _select('EDGE')
edge_marker = _rod(cube.matrix_world @ edge_ends[0], cube.matrix_world @ edge_ends[1], 0.085, 'Selected edge', CORAL)
shoot('edge')
edge_marker.hide_render = True
face_center, face_normal = _select('FACE')
face_marker = None
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_plane_add(size=1.15, location=cube.matrix_world @ (face_center + face_normal * 0.035))
face_marker = bpy.context.object
face_marker.rotation_euler = face_normal.to_track_quat('Z', 'Y').to_euler()
paint(face_marker, material('Selected face', CORAL))
shoot('face')